Calentamiento global y refrigerantes: realidad y futuro
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ago 23, 2024
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https://doi.org/10.30878/ces.v32n0a30
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Vicente Pérez-García
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2522-3812
Dario Méndez-Méndez
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8394-890X
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2522-3812
Dario Méndez-Méndez
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8394-890X
Resumen
Este trabajo presenta un panorama de la influencia de refrigerantes con bajo potencial de calentamiento global comparados al R134a según el Impacto Total Equivalente de Calentamiento (TEWI) y el Rendimiento Climático durante el Ciclo de Vida (LCCP). Ambos parámetros son analizados para los refrigerantes R513A, R1234ze(E) y R516A. Las pruebas se realizaron en una instalación de refrigeración experimental a una temperatura de evaporación de 0 °C y dos temperaturas de condensación, 35 °C y 45 °C. Para una temperatura de 45 °C, los refrigerantes R1234ze(E) y R516A reducen las emisiones de CO2-eq en un 16.0% y 11.6%, según el TEWI. En términos del LCCP, los refrigerantes R513A, R516A y R1234ze(E) evitan la emisión de 1212, 2204 y 2669 kg CO2-eq, respectivamente.
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Como citar
PÉREZ-GARCÍA, Vicente; MÉNDEZ-MÉNDEZ, Dario.
Calentamiento global y refrigerantes: realidad y futuro.
CIENCIA ergo-sum, [S.l.], v. 32, ago. 2024.
ISSN 2395-8782.
Disponible en: <https://cienciaergosum.uaemex.mx/article/view/21788>. Fecha de acceso: 25 jun. 2025
doi: https://doi.org/10.30878/ces.v32n0a30.
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Esta obra está bajo licencia internacional Creative Commons Reconocimiento-NoComercial-SinObrasDerivadas 4.0.
Citas
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Wang, F., & You, T. (2023). Comparative analysis on the life cycle climate performance of ground source heat pump using alternative refrigerants. Case Studies in Thermal Engineering, 42, 102761. doi: 10.1016/j.csite.2023.102761
Wang, Y., Cao, Q., Liu, L., Wu, Y., Liu, H., Gu, Z., & Zhu, C. (2022). A review of low and zero carbon fuel technologies: Achieving ship carbon reduction targets. Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments, 54, 102762. doi: 10.1016/j.seta.2022.102762
Akinseloyin, M. O., Hall, C., Stallbaumer-Cyr, E. M., Morrow, J. A., & Derby, M. M. (2023). Analyzing the carbon dioxide emissions of R134a alternatives in water-cooled centrifugal chillers using the life cycle climate performance framework. Frontiers in Energy Research, 11, 1293993. doi: 10.3389/fenrg.2023.1293993
Al-Sayyab, A. K. S., Navarro-Esbrí, J., Barragán-Cervera, Á., Kim, S., & Mota-Babiloni, A. (2022). Comprehensive experimental evaluation of R1234yf-based low GWP working fluids for refrigeration and heat pumps. Energy Conversion and Management, 258, 115378. doi: 10.1016/j.enconman.2022.115378
Azar, C., & Johansson, D. J. (2012). On the relationship between metrics to compare green house gases the case of IGTP, GWP and SGTP. Earth System Dynamics, 3(2), 139–147.
Bitzer. (2023). Sistema de climatización. https://www.bitzer.de/es/es/aire-acondicionado-y-refrigeracion-de-procesos/sistema-de-climatizacion/
CRE (Comisión Reguladora de Energía). (2023). Factor de Emisión del Sistema Eléctrico Nacional 2023. https://www.gob.mx/cms/uploads/attachment/file/896217/aviso_fesen_2023.pdf
ENIGH (Encuesta Nacional de Ingresos y Gastos de los Hogares). (2020). https://www.inegi.org.mx/programas/enigh/nc/2020/#Tabulados
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency). (2016). Transitioning to low-GWP alternatives in commercial refrigeration. USA Environmental Protection Agency.
European Parliament and the Council of the European Union. (2024). On fluorinated greenhouse gases, amending Directive (EU) 2019/1937 and repealing Regulation (EU) No 517/2014. Official Journal of the European Union: Legislation. http://www.eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/573/oj
IIR (International Institute of Refrigeration). (2017). 35th Informatory Note on Refrigeration Technologies/The impact of the refrigeration sector on climate change. http://www.iifiir.org /en/fridoc/the-impact-of-the-refrigeration-sector-on-climate-change-141135
IIR (International Institute of Refrigeration). (2019). 38th informatory note on refrigeration technologies/the role of refrigeration in the global economy. http://www.iifiir.org/en/fridoc/the-role-of-refrigeration-in-the-global-economy-2019-142028
Llopis, R., Calleja-Anta, D., Maiorino, A., Nebot-Andrés, L., Sánchez, D., & Cabello, R. (2020). TEWI analysis of a stand-alone refrigeration system using low-GWP fluids with leakage ratio consideration. International Journal of Refrigeration, 118, 279–289. doi: 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2020.05.028
Méndez-Méndez, D., Pérez-García, V., Belman-Flores, J. M., Riesco-Ávila, J. M., & Barroso-Maldonado, J. M. (2022). Internal Heat Exchanger Influence in Operational Cost and Environmental Impact of an Experimental Installation Using Low GWP Refrigerant for HVAC Conditions. Sustainability, 14(10), 6008. doi: 10.3390/su14106008
Méndez-Méndez, D., Pérez-García, V., & Morales-Fuentes, A. (2023). Experimental energy evaluation of R516A and R513A as replacement of R134a in refrigeration and air conditioning modes. International Journal of Refrigeration, 154, 73–83. doi: 10.106/j.ijrefrig.2023.06.003
Miranda, N., Khosla, R., Lynch, J., Allen, M., & McCulloch, M. (2023). Global warming from refrigerant HFCs is underestimated by their CO2 equivalent emissions within the century. doi: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2349691/v1
Mordor intelligence. (2023). Mercado de servicios HVAC de Estados Unidos. https://www.mordorintelligence.com/es/industry-reports/united-states-hvac-services-market
MUNDO HVAC&R. (2023). Estimaciones de crecimiento para el mercado HVAC en el 2023. https://www.mundohvacr.com/2023/01/estimaciones-de-crecimiento-para-el-mercado-hvac-en-el-2023/
Purohit, P., Borgford-Parnell, N., Klimont, Z., & Hoglund-Isaksson, L. (2022). Achieving Paris climate goals calls for increasing ambition of the Kigali amendment. Nature Climate Change, 12(4), 339–342. doi: 10.1038/s41558-022-01310-y
SEMARNAT (Secretaría de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales). (2018). El ciclo de refrigeración. http://apps2.semarnat.gob.mx:8080/sissao/archivos/Ciclo de Refrig.pdf
Torres Gomez, R. I. (2011). Principios de refrigeración. Instituto Tecnológico de Minatitlan. https://temariosformativosprofesionales.files.wordpress.com/2015/02/principios-de-refrigeracion.pdf
UNIDO (United Nations Industrial Development Organization). (2009). Preparing for HCFC phase-out: Fundamentals of uses, alternatives, implications and funding for article 5 countries. https://www.unido.org/sites/default/files/2009-10/Preparing_for_HCFC_phaseout_0.pdf
Wan, H., Cao, T., Hwang, Y., Radermacher, R., Andersen, S. O., & Chin, S. (2021). A comprehensive review of life cycle climate performance (LCCP) for air conditioning systems. International Journal of Refrigeration, 130, 187–198. doi: 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2021.06.026
Wang, F., & You, T. (2023). Comparative analysis on the life cycle climate performance of ground source heat pump using alternative refrigerants. Case Studies in Thermal Engineering, 42, 102761. doi: 10.1016/j.csite.2023.102761
Wang, Y., Cao, Q., Liu, L., Wu, Y., Liu, H., Gu, Z., & Zhu, C. (2022). A review of low and zero carbon fuel technologies: Achieving ship carbon reduction targets. Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments, 54, 102762. doi: 10.1016/j.seta.2022.102762