Adopción de la Industria 4.0 en el contexto latinoamericano: análisis de barreras en México Adoption of Industry 4.0 in the Latin American Context: Analysis of Barriers in Mexico
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mar 19, 2025
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https://doi.org/10.30878/ces.v32n0a34
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Gabriel Maldonado-Gómez
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5921-4180
José Vicente Tomás-Miquel
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5053-935X
Jordi Capó Vicedo
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1642-1590
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5921-4180
José Vicente Tomás-Miquel
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5053-935X
Jordi Capó Vicedo
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1642-1590
Resumen
Se analiza la implementación de la Industria 4.0 (I4.0) en México, considerando las barreras que dificultan su adopción y su impacto en el desarrollo económico y tecnológico del país. El estudio examina tanto barreras internas como externas mediante un enfoque multicriterio que emplea las metodologías Fuzzy DEMATEL-ISM-MICMAC, con el objetivo de identificar las dinámicas causa-efecto entre los factores involucrados. Los hallazgos evidencian que estas barreras se encuentran principalmente en aspectos regulatorios, económicos y de infraestructura, así como en limitaciones internas a nivel empresarial. Se concluye que estas problemáticas tienen implicaciones significativas tanto para la literatura académica como para empresarios y responsables de políticas públicas interesados en fomentar la transformación digital en México.
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Como citar
MALDONADO-GÓMEZ, Gabriel; TOMÁS-MIQUEL, José Vicente; CAPÓ VICEDO, Jordi.
Adopción de la Industria 4.0 en el contexto latinoamericano: análisis de barreras en México.
CIENCIA ergo-sum, [S.l.], v. 32, mar. 2025.
ISSN 2395-8782.
Disponible en: <https://cienciaergosum.uaemex.mx/article/view/24636>. Fecha de acceso: 27 abr. 2025
doi: https://doi.org/10.30878/ces.v32n0a34.
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Ciencias sociales
Esta obra está bajo licencia internacional Creative Commons Reconocimiento-NoComercial-SinObrasDerivadas 4.0.
Citas
Albouq, S.S., Sen, A.A.A., Almashf, N., Yamin, M., Alshanqiti, A., Bahbouh, N.M. (2022). A survey of interoperability challenges and solutions for dealing with them in IOT environment. IEEE Access, 10:36416–36428.
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Barrandey-Chavira, J.A., Alarcón-Osuna, M.A. (2023). Rentabilidad y progreso tecnológico en el sector manufacturero mexicano: análisis de datos en panel, 2004-2019. Análisis Económico, 38, 97:93-110.
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Da Silva, V.L., Kovaleski, J.L., Pagani, R.N., Silva, J.D.M., Corsi, A. (2020). Implementation of Industry 4.0 concept in companies: empirical evidences. International Journal of Computer Integrated Manufacturing, 33, 4:325-342.
De Lucas Ancillo, A., Gavrila Gavrila, S., Fernández del Castillo Díez, J.R., Corro Beseler, J. (2022). LATAM and Spanish SME barriers to Industry 4.0. Academia Revista Latinoamericana de Administracion, 35, 2:204-222.
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Ebekozien, A., Aigbavboa, C.O., Adekunle, S.A., Aliu, J., Thwala, W.D. (2023). Training needs of built environment professionals: the role of fourth industrial revolution. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management.
Engelmann, A., Schwabe, G. (2018). Enabling workers to enter Industry 4.0: A layered mobile learning architecture. En Proceedings of the 51st Hawaii Int. Conference on System Science
Feldman, P.J., Girolimo, U. (2021). La Industria 4.0 en perspectiva latinoamericana: limitaciones, oportunidades y desafíos para su desarrollo. Revista Perspectivas de Políticas Públicas, 10, 20:459-491.
Feng, J., Zhang, H., Li, X., Liu, Q. (2023). Factors affecting the green behavior of employees: A hybrid fuzzy DEMATEL-ISM-MICMAC approach. Buildings.
Fernando, S., Ali, M., Pereira, V. (2023). High-risk investments in Industry 4.0: An analysis of return uncertainties. Tech. Forecasting and Social Change, 184:121967.
Gabus, A., Fontela, E. (1972). World problems, an invitation to further thought within the framework of DEMATEL. Battelle Geneva Research Centre.
García-Ortega, B., Lopez-Navarro, M.A., Galan-Cubillo, J. (2021). Top management support in the implementation of industry 4.0 and business digitization: the case of companies in the main European stock indices. IEEE Access, 9:139994-140007.
Ghobakhloo, M., Iranmanesh, M., Vilkas, M., Grybauskas, A., Amran, A. (2022). Drivers and barriers of Industry 4.0 technology adoption among manufacturing SMEs: a systematic review and transformation roadmap. J. of Man. Technology Management, 33, 6:1029-1058.
Horváth, D., Szabó, R.Z. (2019). Driving forces and barriers of Industry 4.0: Do multinational and small and medium-sized companies have equal opportunities? Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 146:119–132.
Jiang, L., Ge, L., Chen, Z., Tan, J. (2019). Investigating the adoption barriers to Industry 4.0 technologies in farmer producer organizations. International Journal of Global Business and Competitiveness, 15, 1:45-56.
Kafetzopoulos, D., Katou, A.A. (2023). Expanding strategic flexibility through organizational culture, industry 4.0 and market orientation. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management.
Laskurain-Iturbe, I., Arana-Landin, G., Landeta-Manzano, B., Jimenez-Redal, R. (2023). Assessing the uptake of Industry 4.0 technologies: barriers to their adoption and impact on quality management aspects. Int. J. of Quality and Reliability Mngt., 40, 10:2420–2442.
Luthra, S., Kumar, A., Zavadskas, E.K., Mangla, S.K., Garza-Reyes, J.A. (2020). I4.0 as an enabler of sustainability diffusion in supply chain: an analysis of influential strength of drivers in an emerging economy. Int. J. of Production Research, 58, 5:1505-1521.
Marrucci, A., Rialti, R., Balzano, M. (2023). Exploring paths underlying Industry 4.0 implementation in manufacturing SMEs: a fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis. Management Decision. https://doi.org/10.1108/MD-05-2022-0644.
Masera, D. (2022). La industrialización en América Latina y el Caribe: retos y oportunidades. Industrial Analytics Platform, Viena: Organización de las Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo Industrial.
Matt, D.T., Modrák, V., Zsifkovits, H. (2021). Industry 4.0 for SMEs: challenges, opportunities and requirements. En Industry 4.0 for SMEs: Challenges, Opportunities and Requirements. Palgrave Macmillan.
Moktadir, M.A., Ali, S.M., Kusi-Sarpong, S., Shaikh, M.A.A. (2018). Assessing challenges for implementing Industry 4.0: Implications for process safety and environmental protection. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 117:730-741.
Murillo, J. (2021). Resistencia al cambio, el eterno desafío. Forbes México.
Nafchi, M.Z., Mohelská, H. (2020). Organizational culture as an indication of readiness to implement industry 4.0. Information, 11, 3.
Opricovic, S., Tzeng, G. H. (2003). Defuzzification within a multicriteria decision model. Int. Journal of Uncertainty, Fuzziness and Knowledge-Based Systems, 11, 5:635-652.
Orzes, G., Poklemba, R., Towner, W.T. (2020). Implementing industry 4.0 in smes: A focus group study on organizational requirements. In Industry 4.0 for SMEs: Challenges, Opportunities and Requirements: 251-277. Palgrave Macmillan.
Pintor-Corona, M., Gonzalez-Monzon, A.L., Mendoza-Santiago, E. (2019). Industria 4.0 en México, la administración inteligente en sistemas productivos. Revista de Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicaciones, 25-27.
Qiu, Z., Wang, S., Hou, Y., Xu, S. (2023). What drives infrastructure participants to adopt digital technology: a nexus of internal and external factors. Sustainability, 15:16229.
Ramírez-Durán, V.J., Berges, I., Illarramendi, A. (2021). Towards the implementation of Industry 4.0: A methodology-based approach oriented to the customer life cycle. Computers in Industry, 126.
Rodríguez-Alegre, L.R., Trujillo-Valdiviezo, G., Egusquiza-Rodríguez, M.J., López-Padilla, R.P. (2021). Revolución industrial 4.0: La brecha digital en Latinoamérica. Revista Arbitrada Interdisciplinaria Koinonía, 6, 11:147.
Rosales, M.A., Aguilar, R. (2022). Logística 4.0: transformaciones tecnológicas y del trabajo en México. En Oportunidades y retos para la adopción de la Industria 4.0 en México. Plaza y Valdés, UNAM.
Sayem, A., Biswas, P.K., Khan, M.M.A., Romoli, L., Dalle Mura, M. (2022). Critical Barriers to Industry 4.0 Adoption in Manufacturing Organizations and Their Mitigation Strategies. Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing, 6, 6.
Serey, J., Alfaro, M., Fuertes, G., Vargas, M., Ternero, R., Duran, C., Sabattin, J., Gutierrez, S. (2023). Framework for the strategic adoption of Industry 4.0: A focus on intelligent systems. Processes, 11, 10:2973.
Warfield, J.N. (1974). Structuring complex systems. Battelle Memorial Institute, Ohio.
Wu, H.Y., Tzeng, G.H., Chen, Y.H. (2015). A fuzzy MCDM approach for evaluating banking performance based on balanced scorecard. Expert Syst. with Applications, 36, 6:10135-47.
Wu, W.W., Lee, Y.T. (2007). Developing global managers’ competencies using the fuzzy DEMATEL method. Expert systems with applications, 32, 2:499-507.
Whysall, Z., Owtram, M., Brittain, S. (2019). The new talent management challenges of Industry 4.0. Journal of Management Development, 38, 2:118-129.
Yunus, E.N. (2020). The mark of industry 4.0: how managers respond to key revolutionary changes. International J. of Productivity and Performance Management, 70, 5:1213-1231.
Zadeh, L.A. (1965). Fuzzy sets. Information and Control, 8, 3:338-353.
Al-Harrasi, A., Shaikh, A.K., Al-Badi, A. (2023). Towards protecting organisations’ data by preventing data theft by malicious insiders. Int. J. of Org. Analysis, 31, 3:875–888.
Amankwah-Amoah, J., Khan, Z., Wood, G., Knight, G. (2021). COVID-19 and digitalization: the great acceleration. Journal of Business Research, 136:602-611.
Amaro-Rosales, M., Ortiz-Espinoza, M. de los Á. (2023). Planes y programas públicos para el fomento de la Industria 4.0 en México. Entretextos, 15(39), 1–17.
Barrandey-Chavira, J.A., Alarcón-Osuna, M.A. (2023). Rentabilidad y progreso tecnológico en el sector manufacturero mexicano: análisis de datos en panel, 2004-2019. Análisis Económico, 38, 97:93-110.
Bosman, L., Hartman, N., Sutherland, J. (2020). How manufacturing firm characteristics can influence decision making for investing in Industry 4.0 technologies. Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management, 31, 5:1117–1141.
Chauhan, C., Singh, A., Luthra, S. (2021). Barriers to industry 4.0 adoption and its performance implications: An empirical investigation of emerging economy. J. of Cleaner Production, 285.
Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (2023). La Inversión Extranjera Directa en América Latina y el Caribe, 2023, LC /PUB.2023/8-P/Rev.1, Santiago: CEPAL.
Contieri, P.G.S., Anholon, R., De Santa-Eulalia, L.A. (2022). Industry 4.0 enabling technologies in manufacturing: implementation priorities and difficulties in an emerging country. Technology Analysis and Strategic Management, 34, 5:489-503.
Cordeiro, L., Oliveira, R., Lima, F. (2024). Financial constraints and Industry 4.0 implementation in Brazilian firms. Journal of Manufacturing Systems, 65:80-90.
Cordeiro, R.F., Reis, L.P., Fernandes, J.M. (2023). A study on the barriers that impact the adoption of Industry 4.0 in the context of Brazilian companies. TQM Journal, 36, 1:361–384.
Cortés, C.B.Y., Landeta, J.M.I., Chacón, J.G.B., Pereyra, F.A., Osorio, M.L. (2017). El entorno de la industria 4.0: implicaciones y perspectivas futuras. Conciencia tecnológica, 54.
Da Silva, V.L., Kovaleski, J.L., Pagani, R.N., Silva, J.D.M., Corsi, A. (2020). Implementation of Industry 4.0 concept in companies: empirical evidences. International Journal of Computer Integrated Manufacturing, 33, 4:325-342.
De Lucas Ancillo, A., Gavrila Gavrila, S., Fernández del Castillo Díez, J.R., Corro Beseler, J. (2022). LATAM and Spanish SME barriers to Industry 4.0. Academia Revista Latinoamericana de Administracion, 35, 2:204-222.
Duperrin, J.C., Godet, M. (1973). Méthode de hiérarchisation des éléments d'un système: essai de prospective du système de l'énergie nucléaire dans son contexte sociétal. Rapport Economique du CEA, 45-51.
Durán, J. (2022). Industria 4.0, clave para el desarrollo de América Latina. Cirion Technologies.
Ebekozien, A., Aigbavboa, C.O., Adekunle, S.A., Aliu, J., Thwala, W.D. (2023). Training needs of built environment professionals: the role of fourth industrial revolution. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management.
Engelmann, A., Schwabe, G. (2018). Enabling workers to enter Industry 4.0: A layered mobile learning architecture. En Proceedings of the 51st Hawaii Int. Conference on System Science
Feldman, P.J., Girolimo, U. (2021). La Industria 4.0 en perspectiva latinoamericana: limitaciones, oportunidades y desafíos para su desarrollo. Revista Perspectivas de Políticas Públicas, 10, 20:459-491.
Feng, J., Zhang, H., Li, X., Liu, Q. (2023). Factors affecting the green behavior of employees: A hybrid fuzzy DEMATEL-ISM-MICMAC approach. Buildings.
Fernando, S., Ali, M., Pereira, V. (2023). High-risk investments in Industry 4.0: An analysis of return uncertainties. Tech. Forecasting and Social Change, 184:121967.
Gabus, A., Fontela, E. (1972). World problems, an invitation to further thought within the framework of DEMATEL. Battelle Geneva Research Centre.
García-Ortega, B., Lopez-Navarro, M.A., Galan-Cubillo, J. (2021). Top management support in the implementation of industry 4.0 and business digitization: the case of companies in the main European stock indices. IEEE Access, 9:139994-140007.
Ghobakhloo, M., Iranmanesh, M., Vilkas, M., Grybauskas, A., Amran, A. (2022). Drivers and barriers of Industry 4.0 technology adoption among manufacturing SMEs: a systematic review and transformation roadmap. J. of Man. Technology Management, 33, 6:1029-1058.
Horváth, D., Szabó, R.Z. (2019). Driving forces and barriers of Industry 4.0: Do multinational and small and medium-sized companies have equal opportunities? Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 146:119–132.
Jiang, L., Ge, L., Chen, Z., Tan, J. (2019). Investigating the adoption barriers to Industry 4.0 technologies in farmer producer organizations. International Journal of Global Business and Competitiveness, 15, 1:45-56.
Kafetzopoulos, D., Katou, A.A. (2023). Expanding strategic flexibility through organizational culture, industry 4.0 and market orientation. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management.
Laskurain-Iturbe, I., Arana-Landin, G., Landeta-Manzano, B., Jimenez-Redal, R. (2023). Assessing the uptake of Industry 4.0 technologies: barriers to their adoption and impact on quality management aspects. Int. J. of Quality and Reliability Mngt., 40, 10:2420–2442.
Luthra, S., Kumar, A., Zavadskas, E.K., Mangla, S.K., Garza-Reyes, J.A. (2020). I4.0 as an enabler of sustainability diffusion in supply chain: an analysis of influential strength of drivers in an emerging economy. Int. J. of Production Research, 58, 5:1505-1521.
Marrucci, A., Rialti, R., Balzano, M. (2023). Exploring paths underlying Industry 4.0 implementation in manufacturing SMEs: a fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis. Management Decision. https://doi.org/10.1108/MD-05-2022-0644.
Masera, D. (2022). La industrialización en América Latina y el Caribe: retos y oportunidades. Industrial Analytics Platform, Viena: Organización de las Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo Industrial.
Matt, D.T., Modrák, V., Zsifkovits, H. (2021). Industry 4.0 for SMEs: challenges, opportunities and requirements. En Industry 4.0 for SMEs: Challenges, Opportunities and Requirements. Palgrave Macmillan.
Moktadir, M.A., Ali, S.M., Kusi-Sarpong, S., Shaikh, M.A.A. (2018). Assessing challenges for implementing Industry 4.0: Implications for process safety and environmental protection. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 117:730-741.
Murillo, J. (2021). Resistencia al cambio, el eterno desafío. Forbes México.
Nafchi, M.Z., Mohelská, H. (2020). Organizational culture as an indication of readiness to implement industry 4.0. Information, 11, 3.
Opricovic, S., Tzeng, G. H. (2003). Defuzzification within a multicriteria decision model. Int. Journal of Uncertainty, Fuzziness and Knowledge-Based Systems, 11, 5:635-652.
Orzes, G., Poklemba, R., Towner, W.T. (2020). Implementing industry 4.0 in smes: A focus group study on organizational requirements. In Industry 4.0 for SMEs: Challenges, Opportunities and Requirements: 251-277. Palgrave Macmillan.
Pintor-Corona, M., Gonzalez-Monzon, A.L., Mendoza-Santiago, E. (2019). Industria 4.0 en México, la administración inteligente en sistemas productivos. Revista de Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicaciones, 25-27.
Qiu, Z., Wang, S., Hou, Y., Xu, S. (2023). What drives infrastructure participants to adopt digital technology: a nexus of internal and external factors. Sustainability, 15:16229.
Ramírez-Durán, V.J., Berges, I., Illarramendi, A. (2021). Towards the implementation of Industry 4.0: A methodology-based approach oriented to the customer life cycle. Computers in Industry, 126.
Rodríguez-Alegre, L.R., Trujillo-Valdiviezo, G., Egusquiza-Rodríguez, M.J., López-Padilla, R.P. (2021). Revolución industrial 4.0: La brecha digital en Latinoamérica. Revista Arbitrada Interdisciplinaria Koinonía, 6, 11:147.
Rosales, M.A., Aguilar, R. (2022). Logística 4.0: transformaciones tecnológicas y del trabajo en México. En Oportunidades y retos para la adopción de la Industria 4.0 en México. Plaza y Valdés, UNAM.
Sayem, A., Biswas, P.K., Khan, M.M.A., Romoli, L., Dalle Mura, M. (2022). Critical Barriers to Industry 4.0 Adoption in Manufacturing Organizations and Their Mitigation Strategies. Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing, 6, 6.
Serey, J., Alfaro, M., Fuertes, G., Vargas, M., Ternero, R., Duran, C., Sabattin, J., Gutierrez, S. (2023). Framework for the strategic adoption of Industry 4.0: A focus on intelligent systems. Processes, 11, 10:2973.
Warfield, J.N. (1974). Structuring complex systems. Battelle Memorial Institute, Ohio.
Wu, H.Y., Tzeng, G.H., Chen, Y.H. (2015). A fuzzy MCDM approach for evaluating banking performance based on balanced scorecard. Expert Syst. with Applications, 36, 6:10135-47.
Wu, W.W., Lee, Y.T. (2007). Developing global managers’ competencies using the fuzzy DEMATEL method. Expert systems with applications, 32, 2:499-507.
Whysall, Z., Owtram, M., Brittain, S. (2019). The new talent management challenges of Industry 4.0. Journal of Management Development, 38, 2:118-129.
Yunus, E.N. (2020). The mark of industry 4.0: how managers respond to key revolutionary changes. International J. of Productivity and Performance Management, 70, 5:1213-1231.
Zadeh, L.A. (1965). Fuzzy sets. Information and Control, 8, 3:338-353.