The Professional Career of Tourism Students in Times of Pandemic: Analysis from Social Psychology and Relational Marketing
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sep 30, 2025
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https://doi.org/10.30878/ces.v33n0a46
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Rafael Fabricio Matos Cámara
http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5225-2179
Luis Lucio Lobato Rincón
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4910-4006
http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5225-2179
Luis Lucio Lobato Rincón
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4910-4006
Resumen
The aim of this research is to find out to what extent the satisfaction that students develop with their university influences their trust and expectations for a future tourism career in the face of COVID-19. The methodology of the study is quantitative, non-experimental and cross-sectional. To collect the data from the study, a questionnaire was applied to a sample of 275 students from a Spanish university. The structural equation method was used through a Path analysis. In general, the results show that most of the hypotheses are tested. Satisfaction is the variable that most influences trust and, to a lesser extent, the expectations that students have for their future in the face of COVID-19.
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MATOS CÁMARA, Rafael Fabricio; LOBATO RINCÓN, Luis Lucio.
The Professional Career of Tourism Students in Times of Pandemic: Analysis from Social Psychology and Relational Marketing.
CIENCIA ergo-sum, [S.l.], v. 33, sep. 2025.
ISSN 2395-8782.
Disponible en: <https://cienciaergosum.uaemex.mx/article/view/23526>. Fecha de acceso: 13 feb. 2026
doi: https://doi.org/10.30878/ces.v33n0a46.
Sección
Ciencias sociales
Esta obra está bajo licencia internacional Creative Commons Reconocimiento-NoComercial-SinObrasDerivadas 4.0.
Citas
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Collado, S., & Evans, G. W. (2019). Outcome expectancy: a key factor to understanding childhood exposure to nature and children's pro-environmental behavior. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 61, 30-36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2018.12.001
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Damon, W.; Menon, J., & Bronk, K. C. (2003). The Development of Purpose During Adolescence. Applied Developmental Science, 7(3), 119–128 https://doi.org/10.1207/S1532480XADS0703_2
Delgado, E. & Munuera, J. L. (2001). Brand trust in the context of consumer loyalty. European Journal of Marketing, 35(11/12),1238-1258. https://doi.org/10.1108/EUM0000000006475
Diaz de Rada, V. (2012). Ventajas e inconvenientes de la encuesta por Internet. Revista de Sociología, 97(1), 193-223, https://raco.cat/index.php/Papers/article/view/248512.
Erciş, A., Ünal, S., Candan, F. B., & Yıldırım, H. (2012). The effect of brand satisfaction, trust and brand commitment on loyalty and repurchase intentions. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 58, 1395-1404. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.09.1124
Fabrigar, L. R. & Wegener D.T. (2010). Attitude structure. In R.F. Baumestier & E.J. Finkel (Eds.). Advanced Social Psychology: The State of The Science (pp. 177-216). Oxford University Press.
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Fullerton, G. (2011). Creating advocates: the roles of satisfaction, trust and commitment. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 18(1), 92-100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2010.10.003
Garbarino, E. & Johnson, M. S. (1999). The different roles of satisfaction, trust and commitment in customer relationships. Journal of Marketing, 63(2), 70-87. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224299906300205
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Hicks, J. A., Trent, J., Davis, W. E., & King, L. A. (2012). Positive affect, meaning in life, and future time perspective: an application of socioemotional selectivity theory. Psychology and Aging, 27(1), 181. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0023965
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Howard, A. J., & Sheth, N. J. (1969). The theory of buyer behaviour. New York: Wiley
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Albtoosh, Q. A. A., & Ngah, A. H. (2022). Testing the expectation confirmation theory on the training satisfaction context: the mediation role of mind wandering. International Journal of Public Administration, 47(1), 26-40. DOI:10.1080/01900692.2022.2081338
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Appleton-Knapp, S. L., & Krentler, K. A. (2006). Measuring student expectations and their effects on satisfaction: The importance of managing student expectations. Journal of Marketing Education, 28(3), 254-264. https://doi.org/10.1177/0273475306293359
Araujo, U. F. D., Arantes, V. A., Klein, A. M., & Grandino, P. J. (2014). Youth purpose and life goals of students engaged in community and social activities. Revista Internacional d'Humanitats, 17(30),119-128. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/122383
Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological Review, 84(2), 191-215. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.84.2.191
Bansal, H. S., Irving, P. G., & Taylor, S. F. (2004). A three-component model of customer to service providers. Journal of the Academy of marketing Science, 32(3), 234-250. https://doi.org/10.1177/0092070304263332
Bart, Y.; Shankar, V.; Sultan, F. & Urban, G. L. (2005). Are the drivers and role of online trust the same for all Web sites and consumers? A large-scale exploratory empirical study. Journal of Marketing, 69(4), 133-152. https://doi.org/10.1509/jmkg.2005.69.4.133
Boubker, O., Arroud, M., & Ouajdouni, A. (2021). Entrepreneurship education versus management students’ entrepreneurial intentions. A PLS-SEM approach. The International Journal of Management Education, 100450. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijme.2020.100450
Brown, S. D.; Tramayne, S.; Hoxha, D.; Telander, K.; Fan, X. & Lent, R. W. (2008). Socialcognitive predictors of college students’ academic performance and persistence: a meta-analytic path analysis. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 72(3), 298-308.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2007.09.003
Burt, C. D., Williams, S., & Wallis, D. (2012). New recruit safety expectations: relationships with trust and perceived job risk. Safety Science, 50(4), 1079-1084. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2011.11.019
Casanoves-Boix, J., Küster-Boluda, I., & Vila-López, N. (2017). La lealtad del estudiante como clave para construir marca universitaria. Esic Market Economics and Business Journal, 48(3), 553-578. https://doi.org/10.7200/esicm.158.0483.3
Cea D'Ancona, M. Á. (2002). Análisis multivariable: teoría y práctica en la investigación social: Síntesis. https://doi.org/10.5944/empiria.6.2003.941
Chan‐Golston, A. M., Banerjee, S., & Handcock, M. S. (2020). Bayesian inference for finite populations under spatial process settings. Environmetrics, 31(3), e2606. https://doi.org/10.1002/env.2606
Collado, S., & Evans, G. W. (2019). Outcome expectancy: a key factor to understanding childhood exposure to nature and children's pro-environmental behavior. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 61, 30-36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2018.12.001
Colquitt, J. A., Scott, B. A., & LePine, J. A. (2007). Trust, trustworthiness, and trust propensity: a meta-analytic test of their unique relationships with risk taking and job performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92(4), 909. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.92.4.909
Coupe, T. (2017). The impact of terrorism on expectations, trust and happiness–the case of the November 13 attacks in Paris, France. Applied Economics Letters, 24(15), 1084-1087. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504851.2016.1254335
Damon, W.; Menon, J., & Bronk, K. C. (2003). The Development of Purpose During Adolescence. Applied Developmental Science, 7(3), 119–128 https://doi.org/10.1207/S1532480XADS0703_2
Delgado, E. & Munuera, J. L. (2001). Brand trust in the context of consumer loyalty. European Journal of Marketing, 35(11/12),1238-1258. https://doi.org/10.1108/EUM0000000006475
Diaz de Rada, V. (2012). Ventajas e inconvenientes de la encuesta por Internet. Revista de Sociología, 97(1), 193-223, https://raco.cat/index.php/Papers/article/view/248512.
Erciş, A., Ünal, S., Candan, F. B., & Yıldırım, H. (2012). The effect of brand satisfaction, trust and brand commitment on loyalty and repurchase intentions. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 58, 1395-1404. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.09.1124
Fabrigar, L. R. & Wegener D.T. (2010). Attitude structure. In R.F. Baumestier & E.J. Finkel (Eds.). Advanced Social Psychology: The State of The Science (pp. 177-216). Oxford University Press.
Frankl, V. E. (1985). The unheard cry for meaning: Psychotherapy and Humanism. New York: Washington Square Press.
Frankl, V. E. (1993). El hombre en busca de sentido. Barcelona: Herder
Fullerton, G. (2011). Creating advocates: the roles of satisfaction, trust and commitment. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 18(1), 92-100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2010.10.003
Garbarino, E. & Johnson, M. S. (1999). The different roles of satisfaction, trust and commitment in customer relationships. Journal of Marketing, 63(2), 70-87. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224299906300205
Hair, J. F. (2011). Multivariate Data Analysis: An Overview. In M. Lovric (Ed.), International Encyclopedia of Statistical Science (pp. 904-907). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-04898-2_395
Hair, J. F., Anderson, R. E., Tatham, R. L. & Black, W.C. (2009). Multivariate data analysis: a global perspective. 7th ed. Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall.
Hashim, S., Mohd Yasin, N., &Ya’kob, S. A. (2020). What constitutes student–university brand relationship? Malaysian students’ perspective. Journal of Marketing for Higher Education, 30(2), 180-202.https://doi.org/10.1080/08841241.2020.1713278
Hicks, J. A., Trent, J., Davis, W. E., & King, L. A. (2012). Positive affect, meaning in life, and future time perspective: an application of socioemotional selectivity theory. Psychology and Aging, 27(1), 181. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0023965
Hjortskov, M. (2019). Citizen expectations and satisfaction over time: Findings from a large sample panel survey of public-school parents in Denmark. The American Review of Public Administration,49(3), 353-371
Howard, A. J., & Sheth, N. J. (1969). The theory of buyer behaviour. New York: Wiley
Huynh, G., Nguyen, T. N. H., Vo, K. N., & Pham, L. A. (2020). Knowledge and attitude toward COVID-19 among healthcare workers at District 2 Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine, 13(6), 260. 10.4103/1995-7645.2803967
Iwu, C. G., Opute, P. A., Nchu, R., Eresia-Eke, C., Tengeh, R. K., Jaiyeoba, O., & Aliyu, O. A. (2019). Entrepreneurship education, curriculum and lecturer-competency as antecedents of student entrepreneurial intention. The International Journal of Management Education, 100295. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijme.2019.03.007
Jain, S. H., Lucey, C., & Crosson, F. J. (2020). The enduring importance of trust in the leadership of health care organizations. JAMA, 324(23), 2363-2364. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.18555
Lehdonvirta, V., Oksanen, A., Räsänen, P., & Blank, G. (2020). Social media, web, and panel surveys: using non‐probability samples in social and policy research. Policy & Internet, 13(1), 134-155. https://doi.org/10.1002/poi3.238
Lent, R. W., Brown, S. D., & Hackett, G. (1994). Toward a unifying social cognitive theory of career and academic interest, choice, and performance. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 45(1), 79-122. https://doi.org/10.1006/jvbe.1994.1027
Lent, R. W., Ireland, G. W., Penn, L. T., Morris, T. R., & Sappington, R. (2017). Sources of self-efficacy and outcome expectations for career exploration and decision-making: a test of the social cognitive model of career self-management. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 99, 107-117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2017.01.002
Liu, F., Lim, E. T., Li, H., Tan, C. W., & Cyr, D. (2020). Disentangling utilitarian and hedonic consumption behavior in online shopping: an expectation disconfirmation perspective. Information & Management, 57(3), 103199. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2019.103199
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